Wheel suspension for motor vehicles



MalChZ, 1945. H. T. wooLsoN ET AL v 2,371,864

WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Nov. 24, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet lATTORNEYS.

March 20, 1945.

H. T. wooLsoN4 ET Al.

WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Nov. 24, 1941 f1 Sheets-Sheet2 v lNvlzNToRaA TWaoZsa/Z March 20, 1945. Hl T WOOLSON ET AL 2,371,864

l WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Nov. `24, 1941 4sheets-sheet s l March 20, 1945.

v H. T. wQoLsoN ET AL wHEEnsUsPENsIcN FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Nov. 24,1941 v 4 sheets-sheet 4 ATTORN EYS,

Patented Mar. 20, 1945 UNITED STATES WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR VEHICLESHarry T. Woolson, Detroit, and Glenn H. Parker, Royal Oak, Mich.,assignors to Chrysler Cor poration, Highland Park, Mich., a corporationof Delaware Application November 24,1941, Serial No. 420,160

27 claims.

. This invention relates to motor vehicles and more particularly toimprovements in wheel suspension therefor.

An object of the invention is to provide a wheel suspension of theindependently sprung type characterized by improved riding qualities andeconomies in manufacture and assembly.

Another object of the invention is the provisionr `of improvedstabilizing means in a system ci' the foregoing type for exercising acontrolling action on the rising and falling movement ofeach groundwheel and body roll.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of anvindependent wheel suspension comprising an improved parallelogram systemmounted in an improved manner on the frame tures each having a framesupporting portion extending generally transversely of the vehicle andconnected to the frame through/a body of deformable torsionallyresisting material, such as rubber, for oscillation about a common axisduring rising and falling movement of the wheels. Each arm structurefurther includes La wheel carrying portion extending generallylongitudinally of the vehicle.

Each torsion mounting unit is preferably annular and formed withconcentric inner and outer cylindrical surfaces connected respectivelywith the frame supporting arm portion and the vehicle frame to therebystress the annulus torsionally. The torsion units yieldingly resistrising and falling movement of the associated Wheels and accommodatelimited displacement of the arm structures in a direction generallytransverse. to the axis about which the frame supporting portionsoscillate to thereby eliminate harshness of the system to fore and aftwheel shocks and preventing transmission thereof to the vehicle frame,the arms fulcruming against the torsion? units in response to fore andaft wheel displacefw ment, The mounting units permit a certain amount ofdisplacement of the arm frame supporting units inwardly with respect tothe vehicle in response to laterally directed wheel shocks, whichdisplacement interferes with normal wheel steering.

It is therefore a further object .of the invention fectively controlledand more particularly to provide control means of this character whichjournais the frame supporting arm portions for oscillation about thecommon axis and accommodates Y limited displacement of these portionsgenerallyl transversely of this axis.

The frame supporting arm portions are preferably journalled as aforesaidadjacent their free end portions. which end portions are connected bystabilizing means comprising a body of rubberlike material havingsurfaces thereof respectively connected with these end portions fortorsionally resisting relative movement therebetween.

The vehicle frame includes a hollow cross member comprising separableparts, one of which is normally secured at the ends thereof to the frameside rails, the other of these parts when attached being adapted toreceive the frame supporting arm portions, the torsion mounting units,the joumalling means .and the stabilizing means, these enumeratedstructures constituting a bench sub-assembly which is secured to theframe by attachment of the separable cross member part to other partswinch are normally secured to the frame rails as aforesaid. Thisarrangement thus facilitates assembly and subsequent servicing of thevehicle.

As a further feature of the foregoing assembly, each torsion spring unithas a tab flxedly secured to the outer cylindrical surface of the rubberanso member parts for connecting the outer surface of .oted arm and anupright member completing the parallelogram system. A shock absorber ofthe telescoping type is provided for controlling relal tive movementbetween the frame and wheel m carrying arm structure| the frame beingprovided with an attaching member having arms for respectivelyconnecting the shock absorber and the second suspension arm to theframe.

Other 'objects and advantages of our invention will be moreapparent-,from the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which: y

Fig; 1 is a fragmentary top plan view or a motor vehicle chassisembodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevational view taken asindicatedby thelinell-Ioillg. l.

Fig. Sis an enlarged fragmentary top plan view illustrating a typicalwheel. suspension of Fig. 1 together with a portion of thesteerlng-mecha-lA nism, parts. being broken away and insection.

nulus, which tabs are clamped between the cross l Fig. 4 is a sectionalplan view taken as indicated by the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

' Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on the line'5-5 ofFig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 3.

Fig. '1 is a fragmentary side elevational view illustrating asub-assembly of the wheel supporting arm structure prior to attachmentthereof to the vehicle frame.

Fig. 8 is a view somewhat similar to Fig. 3, but illustrating a modifiedconstruction support for the oscillatory wheel carrying arms andstabilizer.

Fig. 9 is a transverse section taken as indicated by the line 9-9 ofFig. 8.

Fig. l is a side elevational view illustrating an assembly of the wheelcarrying arm structure prior to attachment thereof to the vehicle frame.

Referring to the drawings, the invention is illustrated in connectionwith a motor -vehicle including a pair of front steerable ground wheelsA, each of which is supported for rising and falling movementindependently of the remaining ground wheels of the vehicle. The vehicleframe structure B may be formed as a structural part of the body or maybe in the nature of a chassis adapted to mount the body and comprises apair of longitudinally extending side members I0 defining a closed boxin cross section and a cross member, generally indicated by the numeralII, including separable parts I2 and I3, the upper part I2 being xedlyattached at its opposite ends to the respective side rails IU and thelower part I3 constituting a portion of the wheel carrying arm structureassembly as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Each of the wheels A is rotatable in the usual manner on a spindle I4swivelly connected for steering movement by a king pin at I5 on a kingpin receiving boss i6. Each spindle has a steer' ing arm I1 pivotallyconnected with the adjacent end of a tie rod I8. Each rod I8 has anarticulated connection at I9 with a saddle member 20 y xedly secured toa transverse link 2|. One end of the link 2I is pivotally connected tothe swinging pitman arm 22 forming a part of the steering assemblycolumn 23' secured to a side rail I0 and v the other end of the link 2|is pivotally connected to a lever 23 pivotally supported by the framecross member I I.

The king pin boss I6 is carried at the outer end of an independent axlemember 25 (Fig. 4) having its axis extending inwardly as an extension ofthe associated wheel spindle I4 and in a direction transverse to theframe B. mounting means for the wheels A are similar to each other, thedescription will, for the most part. be limited to the mounting for oneof these wheels.

The axle member 25 has a threaded portion 26 and an upright ann E havingpivotal connections with the respective upper and lower wheel carryingarmstructures C and D extending generally longitudinally of the vehicleand being supported terminal 2l (Fig. 2) adapted to receive an eccentricbushing 29 having an inner bead 30 (Fig. 3)

for facilitating rotative adjustment thereof in the yoke terminal 28,The bushing 29 receives a concentric spool-like bushing 3l of arubber-like material, which in turn receives the shank 21. One of theannular radial ribs 32 of the bushing 3l is disposed between a shoulder33 carried by the shank 21 and the adjacent face of the bushing 29 whilethe other rib 32 of bushing 3I is disposed between the other face of thebushing 29 and a washer 34, the parts being retained againstdisplacement by a nut 35 screwed onto the end of the shank 21. Afastener 36 extends through the yoke `portions of arm C for releasablyholding the eccentric bushing 29 in any desired position of rotativeadjustment with respect to the arm C. When the fastener 3G is releasedthe eccentric bushing 29 can be rotated at the head portion 30 tothereby swing the upper end of the upright E in a direction fore and aftof the vehicle so as to rotate the axle member 25 on its axis and thusvary the setting of the caster angle of the wheel A at the king pin I5.v

The forward end of the arm C has a pivotal connection at 31 (Fig. 2V)-with an arm 38 of a supporting member 39 secured by bolts 40 or the liketo a frame side rail I0. A shock absorber 4l of the telescoping type hasthe upper part thereof secured to another arm 42 of the member 39 andthe lower part thereof secured `to the arm structure D.

The arm structure D- is of hollow construction.

and comprises a tubular frame supported portion 45 which extendsgenerally transversely of the frame structure B and which has a gradualtaper in the direction of its free end. The structure D is also providedwith a hollow wheel connecting portion 48, integral with the portion 45,and which extends generally longitudinally of the frame structure andlaterally outwardly therefrom, thereby forming a crank-line portionoffset rearwardly from the frame supported portion 45.

The arm D is preferably formed by the two complementary parts 41 and 48(Fig. 5) which are welded together at their abutting edges as indicatedat 43. The arm structure D is bowed as at III (Figs. 3, 4) and the bowedportion is reinforced by flat plates 5I welded as at 52 to therespective arm forming parts 41 and 48.

The arm portion 46 terminates in a hollow and cylindrical axle carryingsleeve 53 extending gen- Inasmuch as theV at their forward ends on theframe B for oscillatory movement. The upright E is rigid with the axle25 andhasaninwardlyextendingshank rigid therewith. The axle member 25and shank 21 are each individually formed and secured to be formed thearm E by press-fitting the same into an open-"7 .ing in the latter andwelding 'the same although erally transversely of the frame and xedlycarries a sleeve 54. The latter rotatably journals the associated axlemember 25 by a pair of spaced bearings '55 `of the antilfriction rollertype. A second journal bearing is formed, by engagement of the threadedportion 2B, with a bushing 56 in relatively shallow threaded engagementwith the sleeve 54. Vertical and lateral loads acting between wheel Aand fra-me B are taken by the arm structure D, 'the arm structure Cfunctioning *chiefly as a guide member for the axle 25 in maintainingthe caster angle of the king pin I5 constant during rising and fallingmovement of the wheel A. Brake thrust of the associated ground wheel isalso taken bythe arm structure C.

`Each arm structure D has its oscillation resisted yby a torsionallyacting supporting unit formed ofayieldable deformable material and soarranged as to oat". the armstructure to yieldably resist displacementthereof both axially of the frame supported portion 45 as well as utransversely of this axis of oscillation. The sup- 'resilient deformablematerial 51 preferably of rubber composition having its inner and outercylindrical faces respectively secured as byvulcanization to inner andouter sleeves I and 58,

the latter comprising semi-cylindrical portions.

having opposed radially extending tabs 50 (Fig. 4) received between theparts I2 and Il of the cross member I I when these parts are assembled,thus xing the outer sleeve against rotation relative to the framestructure. `The inner sleeve 5l has welded thereto a plate 5I forming aradial flange having a plurality of openings therein (Fig. 2) while thearm portions carries a somewhat similar flange forming plate 52' alsoprovided with openings. The plates 5I and 52 are secured together bybolts 63 passing through registering openings, it being apparent thatthe inner sleeve 58 is thus rotatably secured to the portion 45 of theVarm structure D.

In order to regulate the initial setting of the torsion unit G andthereby regulate the amount of relativo movement of the frame structureand ground wheel under normal load conditions, the bolts 63 are removedand the plates relatively rotated by raising or lowering of the armstructure D, each of the bolts 53 being then inserted throughregistering openings in the plates for fixing the latter in the desiredposition.

It will be apparent that the rubber body 51 will torsionally resistoscillation of the arm D in supporting the load of the frame on theground Wheel and also resist rising and falling movement of the groundwheel with respect to the frame. Displacement of the arm portion 45 inthe direction of its axis of oscillation will be yieldingly resisted bythe rubber body 51 acting in tension, the latter acting in tension andcompression in resisting displacement of the arm in a directiontransversed to the above axis.

the latter. The body of material 1I is received between the plates 15and has its axially opposite faces non-rotatably secured as byvulcanizationrto the adjacent face of a plate 10. In the arrangementeach plate 1II rotates with its assoelated arm structure and relativerotation therecctween is resisted by the torsionally active body Inassembly the cross member part I3, arm structures D, the units G, thejournal supports at the adjacent ends of the structures D, and thestabilizer or sway-eliminator connection at the aforesaid endsconstitute a sub-assembly unit, a fragmentary end view of which is shownin Fig. '1. Each frame side rail I0 is recessed to receive theassociated unit G and the cross member part I2 is arched for thispurpose at the cross member,v the parts I2, I3 constituting a hollowcross member. This sub-assembly is vdeiachably fixed to the frame crossmember by a plurality of fasteners such as the bolts 12 received inregistering apertures in the abutting flanged edges of the parts Thefree end of each arm portion has inserted therein a portion of a pin 54,these parts being non-rotatably secured together'by welding as at 65.Each pin 64 has'a portion thereof in threaded engagement with a bushing56 having relatively shallow threaded engagement with the sleeve formingportion 81 of a support 58 secured to the part I3 of the cross member II`by bolts 69. Thus the inner end of each portion 45 of the arm structureD is supported by the frame cross member II and journalled for rotationabout the axis extending transversely of the vehicle, ythere beingsufficient clearance between the threads of therod 64 and bushing 65 toaccommodate limited displacement of the arm in a direction transverse toits axis.

Improved stabilizing or sway-eliminator means is provided for yieldinglyresisting relative rotation of the two arm portions 45, which, amongother things, keeps frame structure and vehicle body on an even keelespecially when the vehicle is rounding a curve. This means has acontrolling influence on the two steering ground wheels.

I2 and Il.

Referring to Figs. 8, 9 and 10, there is shown a modified form of thetorsion supporting unit and y of the Journal support for the adjacentends of the portions 45 of the arm structure D.l

The torsion supporting unit vGr includes the body of material 41' havingparts f 15 axially spaced throughout the major portion of the radialextent thereof but connected at the radial inner surface thereof by arelatively thin portion of the material 51. This arrangement reduces theamount of material required and stresses are broken up. The material canbe cured in rela-v tively short time .and-uniformly throughout. Thespacing also facilitates heat 'dissipation and proylongs the life of thematerial. v

`axial movement of the arm portions 45' as permitted by the mountingunits G. In the Figs. 8-10 embodiment the journal supports accom--modate'limited displacement of the arm portions 45 in a directiongenerally transverse to the axis of oscillation thereof in response tofore and aft displacement of the associ-ated ground wheel A, it beingunderstood that the body of material 51 will yieldably accommodate thelatter displacement; Specifically, the cooperating journalling parts 11and 1l permit oscillation of arm portion 45 journalled thereby about thejournal -as a center of oscillation. Relative displacement of the arms45 in the aforesaid direction is resisted by the material 1'I' acting inshear, this material also functioning as set forth in connection withthe previously described embodiment to resist relative oscillation ofthe arm structures. This form of the invention permits of thesubassembly unit as previously described, a fragmentary end view'of theassembly being shown in elevation in Fig. 10. The armstructures D aredetachably secured to the cross member part I3 by a. clip Il havingspaced prongs embracing the flanged edge of the part I3 and the tabs60', oneprong of which has an opening registering with an opening in thepart I3 which receives the We claim:

1. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair .of roadwheels disposed at opposite sides thereof, a pair of coaxial rigidoscillatory elements extending transversely of the vehicle respectivelyconnected to said wheels and having adjacently disposed end portions, arelatively rigid part at said end portion of each of ,said elementsmovable therewith and having a face disposed generally radially withrespect to said axis, means connecting said elements with said framestructure for oscillation one independent of the other about a commonaxis, and a resilient non-metallic torsionally active body havingrelatively movable portions thereof respectively xedly secured to saidfaces for oscillatory movement therewith and operable to yieldablyoppose said independent oscillation.

2. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair of road wheelsdisposed at opposite sides thereof, a pair of rigid oscillatory elementsrespectively connected to said wheels and having adjacently disposed endportions, means connecting said elements with said frame structure foroscillation about a common axis, a pair of spaced plates respectivelysecured to said end portions for oscillation about said axis, and aresilient nonmetallic torsionally active body having relatively movableportions thereof respectively fixedly secured to said plates. I

3. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair oi road wheelsdisposed at opposite sides thereof, a pair of rigid oscillatory elementsrespectively connected to said wheels and having spaced adjacentlydisposed end portions, means mounting said elements for oscillationabout a common axis, a connector including a hollow axially extendingpart receiving one of said end portions and secured thereto foroscillation about said axis and further including a hangs extendingradially from said part, a second connector including a hollow axiallyextending part receiving the other of said end portions and securedthereto for oscillation about said axis and further including a flangeextending radially from the last mentioned part, said flanges beingaxially spaced, and a resilient non-metallic torsionally active bodydisposed between and having relatively movable portions thereofrespectively fixed for oscillatory movement with said plates.

4. In a motor vehicle having a longitudinally extending frame structureand a pair of road wheels disposed at opposite sides of and adjacent oneend of the frame structure, means associated with each of said wheelsand said frame structure for supporting and guiding said wheels forindependent rising and falling movement, each of said supporting andguiding means including an oscillatory wheel carrying arm structurehaving a frame supported rigid tubular section extending generallytransversely oi' said frame structure, said sections having spacedadjacent end portions, means for mounting each of said tubular sectionson said frame structure for oscillation about a common axisextendinggenerally transversely of said frame structure, spaced meanscarried by said frame structure for respectively journalling said endportions for oscilla tion about said axis, axially spaced radiallyextending anges respectively oscillatable with said end portions, andstabilizing means comprising a body of rubber-like material disposedbetween said anges and having portions thereof respectively fixed foroscillatory movement with said flanges.

5. In a motor vehicle having a longitudinally extending frame structureand a pair of road wheels disposed at opposite sides of and adjacent oneend of the frame structure, means associated with each of said wheelsand said frame structure for supporting and guiding said wheels forindependent rising and falling movement, each of said supporting andguiding means including an oscillatory wheel carrying arm structurehaving a frame supported rigid tubular section extending generallytransversely of said frame structure, said sections having spacedadjacent end portions, means for mounting each of saidl tubular sectionson said frame structure for oscillation about a common axis extendinggenerally transversely of said frame structure, pins respectivelyextending into and secured to said tubular end portions for oscillationtherewith, spaced means carried by said frame structure for respectivelyjournalling said pins for oscillation about said axis, axially spacedradially extending flanges respectively oscillatable with said pins, andstabilizing means comprising a body of rubber-like material disposedbetween said flanges and having portions thereof respectively fixed foroscillatory movement with said flanges.

6. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair of road wheelsdisposed at opposite sides thereof, means associated with each of saidwheels and said frame structure for supporting and guiding said wheelsfor independent rising and falling movement, each of said supporting andguiding means including a wheel carrying arm structure having a framesupported portion extending generally transversely of said framestructure, means comprising a body of deformable material for mountingeach of said supported portions on said frame structure for yieldinglyresisting oscillation of each supported portion about a common axisextending generally transversely of said frame structure, said framesupported portions having adjacently disposed end portions, spaced meansjournalling each of said end portions for oscillation about said commonaxis, each of said journal means including a stationary part carried bysaid frame structure and an associated sleeve-like part receiving theassociated arm structure end portion and detachably secured thereto foroscillation therewith, a pair of connectors each having a sleevelil-:epart detachably secured to one of said end portions for oscillationtherewith and an integral radially extending flange, and stabilizingmeans comprising a body of rubber-like material having portions thereofrespectively xed to said iianges for oscillatory movement therewith.

7. In a motor vehicle having a frameV structure and a pair of roadwheels disposed at opposite side thereof, means associated with each ofsaid wheels and said frame structure for supporting and guiding saidwheels for independent rising and fallingV movement, each of saidsupporting and guiding means including a wheel carrying arm structurehaving a frame supported portion extending generally transversely ofsaid frame structure, means comprising a body of deformable non-metallicmaterial mounting each of said supported portions on said framestructure and operable to ,yieldingly resist oscillation of eachsupported portion about a normal common axis extending generally.transversely of said frame structure, each of said bodies permittinglimited radia1 displacement of the associated frame supported portionrelative to said axis and permitting limited displacement thereof alongsaid axis,

and spaced means respectively journalling said frame supported portionsfor rotation about said axis, each of said journal means accommodatingsaid limited radial displacement of the associated portion preventingsubstantial displacement thereof along said axis.

8. In a motor vehicle including a frame structure having a cross member,a pair of road wheels disposed at opposite sides thereof, meansassociated with each of said wheels and. said frame structure forsupporting and guiding said wheels for independent rising and fallingmovement, each of said supporting and guiding means including a wheelcarrying arm structure having a frame supported portion extendinggenerally transversely of said frame structure and having' saidsupported portions on said frame structure and yieldin'gly resistingoscillation of each supported portion about said common axis, each ofsaid bodies permitting limited anal displacement of the associatedlframe supported portion inwardly along said axis, spaced meanssupported from said cross member respectively journalling .said endportions accommodating said oscillation and preventing said axiardisplacement', and a body of torsionally active material intermediatesaid journal -means having portions thereof respectivelyconnected withsaid end portions foropposing relative oscillation thereof.

9. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair of road wheelsdisposed at opposite sides thereof, means associated with each of saidwheels and said frame structure for supporting and guiding said wheelsfor independent rising and falling movement each of said supporting andguiding means including a wheel carrying arm structure having a framesupported portion extending generally transversely of said'framestructure, means comprising a body of deformable material for mountingeach of said supported portions on said frame structure for yieldingiyresisting oscillation of each supported portion about a normal commonaxis extending generally transversely of said frame structure, each ofsaid bodies accommodating limited displacement oi' the associated framesupported portion in a direction generally transverse to said axis andpermitting limited displacement thereof inwardly along said axis, andspaced means respectively journalling said frame supported portions.-saidI journal means accommodating the first menportion about a commonaxis extending generally transversely of said frame structure, saidframe supported portions having adjacently disposed end portions, eachof said bodies accomodating limiteddisplacement of the associated framesupported portion in a direction generally transverse to said axis andpermitting limited axial displacement thereof inwardly along said axis,means journalling each of .said frame supported portions adiacent thevend portion thereof for rotation about said axis, each of said journalmeans accommodating the first mentioned limited displacement andresisting said axial displacement of the associated frame supportedportion, and stabilizing means comprising a body of tending generallytransversely of said frame tioned limited displacement andresisting saidaxial displacement, each of said means includingr a stationary partcarried by said frame structure having an arcuately shaped seat and asecond part movable with said frame supported portion having an-arcuately shaped portion engagingsaid seat.

site sides thereof, means associated with .each of said wheels and saidframe structure for sup.

porting and guiding said wheels for independent rising and fallingmovement, each of said supporting and guiding means including a wheel10. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a pair of roadwheelsdisposed at opporubber-like material having portionsvthereofrespectively ilxed to said end portions for oscillatory movementtherewith.l n 1l. In a motor-vehicle having a klcingitudinally extendingframe structure and a road wheel disfposed adjacent one end of saidstructure, meansv associated with said wheel and frame structure forsupporting and guiding said Wheel for rising and falling movementindependently of the remaining `wheels of the vehicle, said supportingand guiding means comprising a tubular oscillatory wheel `carrying armincluding complementary parts secured one to the other, said parts beingso shaped in cross section and so bowed intermediate thelengths thereofas to forfn a hollow cylindrical frame ysupported portion lexstructureand a hollow portion onset from said frame supported portion in adirection'generally longitudinally of said frame structure, a relativelyfiat reinforcing gusset in the bowed region of each of said parts, asleeve carried by an end of said offset portion and extending generallytransversely thereto, an axle member Aswivelly mounting said wheeljournalled in said sleeve, and a plurality of means for respectivelyswingingly mounting said axle member and said frame supportedarm portionon said frame structure.

12. In a motor vehicle having a frame including laterally spacedlongitudinally extending side rails and a hollow cross member extendingtransversely of the vehicle andl including detachable parts one thereofhaving its opposite ends respectively structurally connected to saidside rails, a

pair of road wheels disposed at opposite sides of and adJacent one endof the frame, means associated with each of said wheels and said framefor supporting and guiding said wheels for independent rising andfalling movement, eachof said supporting and guiding 'means including anoscillatory-arm having a frame supporting portion extending transverselyof the vehicle, a torsion spring for mounting each of said supportingportions on said` frame including a torsionally active body ofdeformable material having relatively movable surfaces one nxedlyconnected with the associated arm and the other adapted portionsof thevarms and said springs, spaced means carried by said other cross memberpartfor respectively journalling said frame supporting portions foroscillation about said axis, said other frame supporting part, saidarms, said springsv and said journallingeans con'stitutii'i'g asub-assembly unit, and means detachably securand the other of saidrelatively movable surfaces is xed with respect to said frame.

13. In a motor vehicle having a frame including laterally spacedlongitudinally extending side rails anda hollow cross member extendingtransversely of said frame, a pair of road wheels disposed at oppositesides of and adjacent one end of said frame, means associated with eachof said wheels and said frame for supporting and guiding said wheels forindependent rising and failing movement, each oi said supporting andguiding means including an oscillatory wheel carrying arm having a framesupporting portion extending into said cross member and generallytransversely ci the frame, means comprising a body ci deformablematerial for mounting each of said supporting portions on said frame foryieldingly resisting oscillation of said supporting portions about acommon anis, each ci said bodies com prising a torsionally resistentannulus disposed in said cross member and having its inner and outerportions connected respectively to the associated trame supportingportion and said cross member, said cross member including substantiallycoextensive sections engaged one with the other for connecting the outerportions o said annuii as aforesaid and said sections beine relativelyseparable to disengage said annuii trom the frame.

is. In a motor vehicle having e. frame including4 laterally spacedlongitudinally extending side rails and a hollow cross member extendingtransversely of said frame including relatively separable parte, a pairof road wheels disposed at opposite sides of and adjacentone end of saidtrame, means associated with each of said wheels and said frame forsupporting and guiding said wheels ior independent rising,F and fallingmovement, each of said supporting and means including an oscillatorywheel carrying arm having a trame supporting portion extending into saidcross member and transversely oi the frame, means comprising a body ofdeformable material for mounting each oi said supporting portions onsaid frame for yieidinaly resisting relative oscillation of saidsupporting portions about a common anis, each o said bodies comprising atorsionally resistant annulus in said cross member having its inner andouter portions connected respectively to the associated frame supportingportion and said cross member, the, connectionbetween said outer portionand cross member including a tab secured to said outer portion andclamped between said cross member parts.

l5. in a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a ground wheeldisposed adjacent thereto, means for supporting and guiding rising andfalling movement of said wheel independently of the remaining wheels oithe vehicle including a wheel supporting link member having anarticulated connection with said frame structure and a wheel guidinglink member spaced vertically from said supporting link member, anupright arm operatively connecting adjacent end portions of said linkmembers, a shock absorber operatively se'- cured to said supporting linkmember, and a supporting member ilXedly carried by said frame structureincluding a iirst arm operably connecting said shock absorber with theframe structure and a second arm having an articulated connection withsaid guiding link member.

16. In a motor vehicle having a frame structure and a steerable groundwheel disposed adjacent dfi the vehicle including a pair of framesupported oscillatable arm structures extending generally longitudinallyof the vehicle for respectively supporting and guiding said wheelmovement, means mounting said supporting arm structure on said frame oroscillation about an axis extending generally transversely of thevehicle, means journalling said axle structure on one end portion ofsaid supporting arm structure, an upright member rigidly secured at oneend thereof to said axle structure and having its opposite endarticulated with an end portion of said guiding armv structure, a shockabsorber secured to said supporting arm structure, anda relatively rigidmember iixedly carried by said frame structure including a iirst armhaving an articulated connection with the other end portion of saidguiding arm structure and a second arm connected to said shock absorber.

i7. A resilient wheel suspension for vehicles, comprising a pair orsubstantially coaxial shafts rotatably supported in a chassis or vehiclebody, means connecting said shafts to one another, comprising a rubberelement having two metal plates vulcanized respectively to two oppositefaces, thereof, means securing the shafts to the respective metalplates, whereby relative rotation of said shafts about their common axiswill stress the said rubber element in torsional shear, and anadditional torsionally-resilient member of non-metallic material such asrubber between cach, shaft and said chassis or body, said 1astnamedmember being adapted for resiliently sup porting said chassis or body onthe road wheels.

it. 'in a motor vehicle having a pair of road wheels disposed atrespective opposite sides thereoi, relatively rigid oscillatory elementsi'espective-- ly connected with said wheels for rotation of the latterrelative thereto and mounted for oscillation about anormal common axisin response to rising and falling wheel movement, journal means for eachci said elements accommodating oscillation thereof about said asis anddisplacement thereof about an axis other than said common axis whilepreventing substantial displacement of the element journalled thereby inthe direction of said common anis, and means providing a connectionbetween said elements operable to yieldably oppose relative oscillationthereof.

19. In a motor vehicle having a pair of road wheels disposed atrespective opposite sides thereof, relatively rigid oscillatory elementsrespectively connected with said wheels for rotation of the latterrelative thereto and mounted for oscillation about a normal common axisin response to rising and falling wheel movement, journal means for eachof said elements accommodating oscillation thereof about said axis anddisplacement thereof about said journal as a center of oscillation whilepreventing substantial movement of the element journalled thereby in thedirection of said common axis, and means providing a connectlon betweensaid elements operable to yield- 'ably oppose relative oscillationthereof.

20. In a motor vehicle having. a pair of road Wheels disposed atrespective opposite sides thereof, relatively rigid oscillatory elementsrespectively connected with said wheelsfor rotation of the latterrelative thereto and mounted for oscillation about a normal common axisincident to wheel displacement vertically, journalmeans for each of saidelements accommodating oscillation thereof about said axis anddisplacement thereof about said journal as a center of oscillation whilepreventing substantial movement of the element journalled thereby in thedirection of said common axis, each of said journals including asubstantially arcuate contoured seat and a correspondingly contouredpart 'engaged with the seat, and a body of rubber-like material soconnected with said elements as to oppose relative oscillation thereofby torsional stress ofI said material.

21. A resilient wheel suspension for vehicles,

. comprising a pair of substantially coaxial shafts rotatably supportedin a chassis or vehicle body for rotation about a normal common axis,means connecting said shafts to one another, comprising a rubber elementhaving two metal plates vulcanized respectively to two opposite facesthereof,

means securing the shafts to the respective metal plates, wherebyrelative rotation of said shafts about their common axis will stress thesaid rubber element in torsional shear, means journalling for rotationabout a normal common axis, means connecting said shafts to one another,comprising a rubber element having two mtal plates vulcanizedrespectively to two opposite faces thereof, means securing the shafts tothe respective metal plates, whereby relative rotation. of said shaftsabout their common axis will stress the said rubber element in torsionalshear, means journalling each of said shafts for rotation about saidaxis, each of said journalling means preventing substantial movement ofits shaft in the direction of said axis and accommodating displacementthereof about an axis contained by the journalling means therefor, andan additional torsionallyresilient member of non-metallic materialconnecting each of said shafts with said chassis or vehicle body forrotation relative thereto about said common axis; l

23. In a motor vehicle including a frame structure and a road wheel, asuspension for said wheel including a frame supporting part extendinggenerally transversely of the vehicle and a, crank-like wheel carryingpart relatively rigid with said frame supporting part, means journallingsaid frame supporting part for oscillation about anormal axis'andaccommodating displacement thereof about the journal means as a centerof oscillation while preventing substantial movement oi' said framesupportingpart in the direction ci.v said` normal axis, and a body ofdeformable'non-metallic material securing said frame supporting part tosaid frame structure yieldably resisting oscillation of the lastmentioned part about said normal axis while accommodating saiddisplacement.

24; In a motor vehicle including a frame structure and a road wheel, anoscillatory wheel carrying structure, means mounting said arm structurein load supporting relation to said frame strucing relatively movableportionsresisting oscillation of said arm structure, means securing oneof said portions to said frame structure, means sc-4 structure, and adetachable connection between said parts retaining the same in a xedrelative position for oscillation thereof with said arm structure, saidconnection being releasable to accommodate adjustment of the partcarried by thc arm structure to a second position relative to said rstpart to thereby adjust-the relative position of said structures.

25. In a motor vehicle including a .frame-like structure and a roadwheel, an oscillatorywheel carrying arm structure, means securing saidarm structure relative to said frame structure including a body ofrubber-like material resist'ng oscillation of the arm structure havingrelatively movable portions, one secured to said frame structure. meansadjustably securing the other of said portions to the arm structureformovement therewith, said means including adjacent plate-like partsrespectively xed for movement with said other portion and said armstructure, one of said parts having a series of spaced openings thereinand the other of said parts having an opening selectively registerablewith an opening of said series, and fastening means detachably engagedwith said one opening and the selected opening of said seriesoperatively securing said parts togather. i

26. In a motor vehicle having a pair of oppositely disposed road wheels,an arm structure connected with each of said wheels. a body ofrubberlike material mounting each of said arm structuresi and yieldableto accommodate oscillatory movement thereof, means journalling each ofsaid arm structures for` said oscillatory movement. each of said journalmeans operating to retain its arm structure against substantialdisplacement in the direction of the axis of oscillation thereof whileaccommodating displacement of such arm structure vabout an axis otherthan said axis of oscillation, and a body of rubber-like material havingportions thereof respectively connected with said arm structures wherebyrelative oscillation thereof will torsionally stress the last mentionedmaterial.

27. In a motor vehicle having a pair of opposltely disposed road wheels,means including arm structures respectively associated with said wheelsfor supporting and guiding the same for independent rising and falling.movement, means mounting each of said arm Vstructures relative to thevehicle for independent limited oscillatory movement in response torising and falling movement of the wheels, each of said mounting meanspermitting limited displacement of its arm structure vin the directionof the axis of .oscillation thereof and in a. second direction generallytransverse to said axis, means journalling each of said arm structuresfor said oscillatory movement, each of said journal means operating toretain the arm structure journalled thereby against substantialdisplacement in the direction of said axis while accommodatingdisplacement thereof in said second direction, and means providing aconnection between said arm structures operable to oppose relativeoscillatory movement thereof.

HARRY T. WOOLSON. GLENN H. PARKER.

ture including a body of rubber-like material hav-

